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Nd YVO4 Crystal

• Various options of Nd-doping ratio (0.1%~3.0at%)
• Various sizes (max diameter: 16×16 mm²; max length: 20 mm)
• Various coatings (AR, HR, HT)
• High processing accuracy
• Very competitive price, quick delivery

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Product Details

Nd:YVO₄ (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Vanadate) is one of the best commercially available material for diode-pumped solid-state lasers, especially for lasers with low or middle power density. For example, Nd:YVO₄ is a better choice than Nd:YAG for generating low-power beams in hand-held pointers or other compact lasers. In these applications, Nd:YOV₄has some advantages over Nd:YAG, e.g. high absorption of pumped laser irradiation and large stimulated emission cross section.

Nd:YVO₄ is a good choice for highly polarized output at 1342 nm, as the emission line is much stronger than those of its alternatives. Nd:YVO₄ is capable of working with some nonlinear crystals with high NLO coefficient (LBO, BBO, KTP) to generate lights from near infrared to green, blue, or even UV.

Nd YVO4 Crystal

**WISOPTIC Standard Specifications^* - Nd:YVO₄**

Doping Ratio	Nd%=0.2%~3.0at%
Orientation Tolerance	+/- 0.5°
Aperture	1×1 mm²~16×16 mm²
Length	0.02 mm~20 mm
Dimension Tolerance	(W±0.1mm)×(H±0.1mm)×(L+0.5/-0.1mm) (L≥2.5mm) (W±0.1mm)×(H±0.1mm)×(L+0.2/-0.1mm) (L<2.5mm)
Flatness	< λ/8 @ 632.8 nm (L≥2.5mm) < λ/4 @ 632.8 nm (L<2.5mm)
Surface Quality	< 20/10 [S/D]
Parallelism	< 20”
Perpendicularity	≤ 5'
Chamfer	≤ 0.2 mm @ 45°
Transmitted Wavefront Distortion	< λ/4 @ 632.8 nm
Clear Aperture	> 90% central area
Coating	AR @ 1064nm, R< 0.1% & HT @ 808nm, T>95%; HR @ 1064nm, R>99.8% & HT@ 808nm, T>95%; HR @ 1064nm, R>99.8%, HR @ 532 nm, R>99% & HT @ 808 nm,T>95%
Laser Damage Threshold	> 700 MW/cm² for 1064nm, 10ns, 10Hz (AR-coated)
* Products with special requirement upon request.

Advantages of Nd:YVO4 (compared with Nd:YAG)

• Wider pumping bandwidth around 808 nm (5 times that of Nd:YAG)
• Bigger stimulated emission cross-section at 1064nm (3 times that of Nd:YAG)
• Lower laser damage threshold and higher slope efficiency
• Different from Nd:YAG, Nd:YVO₄ is uniaxial crystal which gives linearly polarized emission, avoiding redundant thermally induced birefringence.

Laser Properties of Nd:YVO4 vs Nd:YAG

Crystal	Doping（atm%）	σ(×10^-19cm²)	α (cm^-1)	τ (μs)	L_α (mm)	P_th(mW)	η_s(%)
Nd:YVO₄ (a-cut)	1.0	25	31.2	90	0.32	30	52
Nd:YVO₄ (a-cut)	2.0	25	72.4	50	0.14	78	48.6
Nd:YVO₄ (c-cut)	1.1	7	9.2	90	—	231	45.5
Nd:YAG	0.85	6	7.1	230	1.41	115	38.6
σ - stimulated emission cross-section, α - absorption coefficient, τ - fluorescent lifetime L_α -absorption length, P_th - threshold power, η_s - pump quantum efficiency

Physical Properties - Nd:YVO4

Atomic density	1.26x10²⁰ atoms/cm²(Nd%=1.0%)
Crystal structure	Zircon tetragonal, space group D_4h-I4/amd a=b=7.1193 Å, c=6.2892 Å
Density	4.22 g/cm²
Mohs hardness	4.6~5 (glass-like)
Thermal expansion coefficient (300K)	α_a=4.43x10^-6/K, α_c=11.37x10^-6/K
Thermal conductivity coefficient (300K)	\|\|c: 5.23 W/(m·K); ⊥c: 5.10 W/(m·K)
Melting point	1820 ℃

Optical Properties - Nd:YVO4

Lasing wavelength	914 nm, 1064 nm, 1342 nm
Refractive indices	positive uniaxial, n_o=n_a=n_b n_e=n_c n_o=1.9573, n_e=2.1652 @ 1064 nm n_o=1.9721, n_e=2.1858 @ 808 nm n_o=2.0210, n_e=2.2560 @ 532 nm
Thermal optical coefficient (300K)	dn_o/dT=8.5x10^-6/K, dn_e/dT=3.0x10^-6/K
Stimulated emission cross-section	25.0x10^-19cm² @ 1064 nm
Fluorescent lifetime	90μs (1.0at% Nd doped) @ 808 nm
Absorption coefficient	31.4 cm^-1 @ 808 nm
Absorption length	0.32 mm @ 808 nm
Intrinsic loss	0.02 cm^-1 @1064 nm
Gain bandwidth	0.96 nm (257 GHz) @ 1064 nm
Polarized laser emission	parallel to optic axis (c-axis)
Diode pumped optical to optical efficiency	> 60%
Polarized emission	Polarized