A wave plate, also called a phase retarder, is an optical device that changes the polarization state of light by generating an optical path difference (or phase difference) between two mutually orthogonal polarization components. When the incident light passes through wave plates with different types of parameter, the exit light is different, which may be linearly polarized light, elliptically polarized light, circularly polarized light, etc.
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Waveplates (retardation plates or phase shifters) are made from
optical materials with precise thickness such as quartz, calcite or mica, which exhibit birefringence. The velocities of the
extraordinary and ordinary rays through the birefringent materials vary
inversely with their refractive indices. The difference in velocities
gives rise to a phase difference when the two beams recombine.
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Phase retardation plates, or waveplates, are polarizing
optics used to manipulate the polarization state of the transmitting
light without attenuating, deviating, or displacing the light. The
working principle of the plate is to utilize
the birefringence of certain materials which separates the incident
light beam into two beams along two orthogonal optical axes within
the medium. The phase retardation between the two beams of the incident light contributes to changes in the
polarization state.
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Optical windows are made in the form of flat plates of a transparent medium that allow light into an instrument. Windows have high optical transmission with little distortion of the transmitted signal, but can not change the magnification of the system.
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High
temperature phase BBO (alpha-BBO, a-BBO) is a negative uniaxial crystal
with a large birefringence over the broad transparent range from 189 nm
to 3500 nm. The physical, chemical, thermal, and optical properties of
alpha-BBO crystal are similar to those of the low temperature phase beta-BBO crystal.
However, there is no second order nonlinear effect in alpha-BBO crystal
due to the centrosymmetry in its crystal structure and thus it has no
use for second order nonlinear optical processes.
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Pockels Cell Driver for Q-Switching of Flashlamp Pumped LasersThese drivers are designed for Q-switching of nanosecond flashlamp pumped lasers without use of phase retardation plates, for example to drive a DKDP Pockels cell in YAG lasers for aesthetic therapy. High voltage is applied to Pockels cell in order to inhibit oscillation.
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Periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal and MgO: PPLN are a new kind of nonlinear optical crystal, which can realize high-efficiency frequency conversion such as frequency doubling, sum frequency, and optical parametric oscillation in wave brand from visible to mid-infrared. When doped with 5% MgO, the photodamage threshold and photorefractive threshold of PPLN are greatly increased (compared to that of pure PPLN), and their performance is more stable and suitable for room temperature use.
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HGTR (High Grey Track Resistance) KTP crystal developed by hydrothermal method overcomes the common phenomenon of electrochromism of the flux-grown KTP, thus has many advantages such as high electrical resistivity, low insertion loss, low half-wave voltage, high laser damage threshold, and wide transmission band.
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HGTR (high anti-grey track) KTP crystal developed by hydrothermal method overcomes the common phenomenon of electrochromism of the flux-grown KTP, thus has many advantages such as high electrical resistivity, low insertion loss, low half-wave voltage, high laser damage threshold, and wide transmission band.KTP Pockels cells made by HGTR-KTP crystal are mainly used in pulse lasers with narrow pulse width and high repetition frequency.
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Gray Track Resistant (GTR) KTP crystals developed by hydrothermal method overcomes the common phenomenon of
electrochromism of the flux-grown KTP, thus has many advantages such as
high electrical resistivity, low insertion loss, low half-wave voltage,
high laser damage threshold, and wide transmission band. So it's very suitable for high power density
applications, where regular flux-grown KTP crystals will suffer from
gray track damage.GTR-KTP crystal has gray track resistance sufficiently greater than
typical flux-grown KTP.
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Nd:YAG (Neodymium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, Nd:Y3Al5O12) has been and continues to be the most mature and most widely used crystals for lasers, no matter solid state or lamp pumped, CW or pulsed. It possesses a combination of properties uniquely favorable for laser operations. Nd:YAG
crystals are used in all types of solid-state lasers
systems-frequency-doubled continuous wave, high-energy Q-switched, and
so on.
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LiNbO3 crystal is a low cost photoelectric material with good mechanical
and physical properties as well as high optical homogeneity. It has
been widely used as frequency doublers for wavelength > 1mm and
optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) pumped at 1064nm as well as
quasi-phase-matched (QPM) devices. With preferable E-O coefficients,
LiNbO3 crystal has become the most commonly used material for Q-switches
and phase modulators, waveguide substrate, and surface acoustic wave
(SAW) wafers, etc.
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The high
damage threshold makes BBO cells more attractive than others in the high
power systems. Like LiNbO3 Pockels cells, BBO Pockels cells work in
transverse mode, which makes the cells very compact, and the half-wave
voltage designable. BBO Pockels cells are also suitable for systems with
high repetition rates.WISOPTIC has been granted of several patents for its technology of BBO Pockels cells. WISOPTIC’s mass products of BBO Pockels cell are gaining worldwide customers’ interest and trust for its high cost performance.
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The improved hydrothermal-grown KTP crystal overcomes the common
electrochromism damage of flux-grown KTP. The hydrothermal-grown KTP (HGTR-KTP, or GTR-KTP) has high damage
threshold, large effective electro-optic coefficients and lower
half-wave voltage. KTP EO Q-switches made by HGTR-KTP crystals utilize thermally compensated
double crystal designs. They are mainly used in pulse lasers with narrow pulse width and high repetition frequency.
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KTP (KTiOPO4) is one of the most commonly used nonlinear optical materials. For example, it’s regularly used for frequency doubling of Nd:YAG lasers and other Nd-doped lasers, particularly at low or medium-power density. KTP is also widely used as OPO, EOM, optical wave-guide material, and in directional couplers.KTP exhibits a high optical quality, broad transparency range, wide acceptance angle, small walk-off angle, and type I and II non-critical phase-matching (NCPM) in a wide wavelength range.
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KTP Pockels are based on hydrothermal-grown high resistivity KTP crystals overcomes the common
electrochromism damage of flux-grown KTP. Hydrothermal-grown KTP crystals have better optical homogeneity and higher damage threshold
comparing to RTP crystals. This KTP crystal has large effective electro-optic coefficients and lower
half-wave voltage. The Q-switch is built utilizing thermally compensated
double crystal designs.
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RTP Pockels cell has a number of benefits compared to other electro-optic materials:Non hygroscopicLow switching voltageGood extinction ratioNo piezo and pyro-electric effectsUsed either as RTP Q-switch or RTP pulsepicker WISOPTIC has developed precise alignment techniques that enable
us to offer our customers complete, plug-and-play RTP Pockels cell
assemblies with a superior level of performance.Crystal Size4x4x10 mm6x6x10 mm8x8x10 mmQuantity of Crystals222Static Half-wave Voltage @ 1064 nmX-cut: 1700 VY-cut: 1400 VX-cut: 2500 VY-cut: 2100 VX-cut: 3300 VY-cut: 2750 VE
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LN crystals are nonhygroscopic and have low absorption coefficient and insert loss. In addition, LN crystal can operate stably in a wide temperature range, which makes them the main EO crystal applied in military laser systems.LN electro-optic Q-switches are widely
used in Er:YAG, Ho:YAG, Tm:YAG lasers, and are suitable for low-power
Q-switched output, especially in laser ranging. LN Pockels cells can be very compact, and the half-wave voltage can be very low. By doping MgO in LiNbO3, the damage threshold of LN Pockels cells can been increased dramatically.
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Solid Laser DyesThere is some work on dye lasers based on solid media, e.g.
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BBO is an effective NLO crystal for the SHG, THG, or FHG of Nd:YAG lasers, and the first-rate NLO crystal for the FHG at 213nm. Conversion efficiencies of more than 70% for SHG, 60% for THG and 50% for 4HG, and 200mw output at 213 nm (5HG) have been obtained through using Wisoptic's BBO, respectively.BBO is also an efficient crystal for the intracavity SHG of excessive energy Nd:YAG lasers. for the intracavity SHG of an acousto-optic Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, greater than 15 w average power at 532 nm generated via an AR-coated BBO crystal produced by Wisoptic.
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Ceramic Laser Reflector (Ceramic Laser Cavity) works particularly well in Ruby,
Nd:YAG, or Alexendrite laser pumping chambers and can be a highly cost effective
alternative to metal coated reflectors. Compared to metal reflectors, ceramic units offer higher reflectivity
and therefore enhanced laser power. Surfaces can be sealed and coated
with a solarization-resistant glaze to give high bulk reflectivity.
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Thin film polarizers are based on interference within a dielectric optical thin-film
coating on a thin glass substrate. They are made from composed materials which include a polarizing film, an inner protective film, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and an outer protective film. Thin film polarizers are used for polarization separation, that's to say
to change un-polarized beam into linear polarized beam.
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Optical beamsplitters play a vital role in many laser-based
measurement and positioning systems. Although the operation of a typical
beamsplitter is conceptually simple, its performance characteristics
can dramatically affect the accuracy and repeatability of the overall
system. Consequently, understanding the variables that distinguish
beamsplitter performance is an important step in comparing and
specifying components.
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The Ceramic Laser Reflectors are high reflectance cavities used in solid state and CO2 laser systems. They are built either as a one-piece or two-piece system based on customer requirement.Ceramic cavities produce diffuse reflectance, which offers a very uniform beam profile. This diffuse reflectance also distributes light and consequently decreases hot spots in the pumped medium. These completely dense materials (e.g. Al2O3) exhibit higher strength and scratch resistance than traditional polymeric and thermoplastic materials.
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