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3 The main application of lithium tantalate crystal3.3 E-O Q-SwitchThe basis of laser Q-switched technology is a special optical component - a fast intracavity optical switch generally called Q-switch. The Q value is an indicator for evaluating the quality of the optical resonant cavity. The higher the Q value, the lower the required pump threshold and the easier it is for the laser to oscillate. The purpose of laser Q-switching technology is to compress the pulse width and increase the peak power.

In 1962, the American scientist McClung F J reported for the first time that the silver mirror of the ruby laser resonator had hole burning damage, which was the first public report on the laser damage of optical components. The subsequent invention of Q-switching technology and mode-locking technology increased the peak power of laser pulses by several orders of magnitude. The problem of laser damage runs through and affects the design and operation of lasers, and promotes the development of optical materials and optical component manufacturing technologies.

IntroductionLithium tantalate (LiTaO3, referred to as LT), as an excellent multifunctional crystal material, has good piezoelectric, electro-optical and pyroelectric properties, and is ideal for making surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, resonators, tuners, Q switches and pyroelectric detectors. Devices made from LT crystal (www.wisoptic.com) are widely used in the automotive electronics, 5G communications and infrared detectors, and have broad market prospects.In 1965, Ballman used the pulling method to grow LT single crystal for the first time.

Conclusion Considering comprehensive factors such as wide absorption bandwidth, large absorption cross section, long upper energy level lifetime (ms to tens of ms) (see Table 2), ion cross relaxation, increased quantum efficiency, and mature LD pump source, Tm3+ in the 2 μm band, Ho3+ and Er3+ in the 3 μm band must be one of the most important and basic laser sources in the mid-infrared band from 2 to 20 μm, and will compete with Nd3+ and Yb3+ in the 1 μm band.

After more than one year’s research work, WISOPTIC has successfully developed two types of dye laser cells – 585nm and 650nm.With advanced technique of coating and optical system design, dye laser headpiece has been developed and will be in mass production soon.Dye laser headpiece 585nm is used mainly to treat facial telangiectasia, and dye laser headpiece 650nm for removal of green tattoo, etc.Dye laser headpiece made from WISOPTIC has higher conversion efficiency than that of any competing product.

Laser damage induced by microscopic defects in optical componentsNodule defect is a typical representative of microscopic defects, and it is one of the main discoveries in the study of laser damage to thin films in the 1990s. At present, a lot of research has been done on the electric field enhancement and damage characteristics of nodule defects and artificially implanted nodule defects. The damage mechanism of nodular defects has been deeply understood.The nodule defect is the main cause of damage to the fundamental frequency dielectric membrane element.

3.4 Laser pretreatment of DKDP component The laser-damaged precursor of DKDP crystals (provided by WISOPTIC) is in the material body, so it is different from the removal of surface nodule defects in dielectric films. Laser pretreatment cannot remove the precursors in the body, but can only reduce the thermodynamic response of the precursors under laser radiation by improving their absorption intensity. There are still different opinions on this mechanism.

1. 4  ~ 3 μm laser crystals doped with Er2+, U4+, Ho3+, Dy3+  As an active ion, Ho3+ has achieved laser output in the ~3 μm band (5I6→5I7). In 1976, researchers first realized 2.9 μm laser output in Ho:YAP crystal. In 1990, Bowman et al. obtained 2.85 μm and 2.92 μm laser outputs in Ho:YAP crystals, and obtained 2.92 μm band-tuned laser outputs in Ho:YAP crystals in the following year. In 2017, Nie et al. pumped Ho, Pr: LiLuF4 crystals with a 1 150 nm Raman fiber laser, achieving 2.95 μm watt-level laser output for the first time. In 2018, Zhang et al.

1. 2   ~ 2.3 μm laser crystals doped with Tm3+ Compared with the 2 μm band (3F4 → 3H6) of Tm3+, the 2.3 μm laser operation based on the 3H4 → 3H5 transition of the Tm3+ doped laser medium has the following advantages: (1) ~790 nm LD is directly pumped to the upper energy level of the laser. Tm3+ has a strong absorption around 790 nm (directly corresponding to the 3H4 → 3H6 transition), which can match the emission wavelength of the current mature commercial AlGaAs LD, so as to realize high-performance LD pumping all-solid-state high-efficiency 2.3 μm laser operation.

3 The main application of lithium tantalate crystal3.4 Pyroelectric detectorTo detect targets, pyroelectric detectors generally exchange heat with the outside environment through three methods: thermal convection, thermal conduction and thermal radiation. The working principle is: electrons are adsorbed on the surface of the pyroelectric material, and the surface is neutral; the temperature of the material surface changes when heated, and the electric dipole moment of the material changes; in order to keep the surface of the material neutral, the surface releases charges.