Concave Spherical Lenses-manufacture,factory,supplier from China

Optical Lenses are designed to focus or diverge light and for imaging or alignment in an optical system. Optical Lenses, which may consist of a single or multiple elements, have a variety of applications. Lens forms can be divided into simple lenses (which include plano-convex lens, plano-concave lens, double-convex lens, double-concave lens, cylinder lens, drum lens, spherical lens in different shapes), achromatic lenses compound lens and multiple types.

Optical lenses can be made in many shapes and may be comprised of a single element or form constituent parts of a multi-element compound lens system. They are used to focus light and images, produce magnification, correct optical aberrations and for projection, mainly controlling the focus or divergence light used in instrumentation, microscopy and laser applications.

The most notable benefit of aspheric lenses is their ability to correct for spherical aberration, an optical effect which causes incident light rays to focus at different points when forming an image, creating a blur. Spherical aberration is commonly seen in spherical lenses, such as plano-convex or double-convex lens shapes, but aspheric lenses focus light to a small point, creating comparatively no blur and improving image quality.

An aspherical lens features a non-spherical but rotationally symmetric shape with a curvature radius that changes at various points between the center and the edge. Although producing this type of lens is difficult, when manufactured properly, it offers greater functionality than a comparable spherical lens.Spherical Lenses vs. Aspherical LensesSpherical lenses have a spherical surface and the same radius of curvature across the entire lens. In contrast, aspherical lenses have a more complicated surface with a gradually changing curvature from center to edge.

There are four main types of prisms based on the function: dispersion prism, deflection or reflection prism, rotating prism and offset prism.  Deflection, offset and rotating prisms are commonly used in imaging applications; diffusion prisms are designed for dispersive light sources and are not suitable for any application that requires high quality images.WISOPTIC offers a wide range of optical prisms with various designs, substrates, or coatings.

    Potassium dideuterium phosphate DKDP (KD * P) crystal has low optical loss, high extinction ratio, and excellent electro-optical performance. DKDP Pockels cells are made by using the longitudinal effect of DKDP crystals. The modulation effect is stable and the pulse width is small.

LiNbO3 (Lithium Niobate, LN) crystal is a multifunctional material that integrates properties of piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, nonlinear, electro-optical, photoelastic, etc. LiNbO3 has good thermal stability and chemical stability.Among the EO crystals, LN and DKDP are the two primary material that have been practical. DKDP crystals can be easily grown with a high optical homogeneity, which can satisfy the requirement of a large caliber Pockels cell.

LiNbO3 (Lithium Niobate, LN) crystal is a multifunctional material that integrates properties of piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, nonlinear, electro-optical, photoelastic, etc. LiNbO3 has good thermal stability and chemical stability. Among the EO crystals, LN and DKDP are the two primary material that have been practical. DKDP crystals can be easily grown with a high optical homogeneity, which can satisfy the requirement of a large caliber Pockels cell.

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) and Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate (KD*P, DKDP) crystals are among the most widley used nonlinear crystals. Both of these crystals are routinely used for the doubling, triplingand quadrupling of Nd:YAG lasers at room temperatures.

When choosing a window, the user should consider whether the material's transmission properties and the mechanical properties of the substrate are consistent with specific requirements of the application. Coating is another important issue for choosing a proper window. WISOPTIC offer a wide variety optical windows with different coatings, e.g. anti-reflection coated precision windows for Nd:YAG laser applications.

Dye laser headpiece made from WISOPTIC has very high conversion efficiency: 65%~75% for 532/585nm, 45%~55% for 532/650nm.

Basically all Pockels cell drivers are made based on solid-state electronic technology, using high voltage transistors such as MOSFETs. Multiple high voltage transistors may have to be stacked, taking care to achieve an even distribution of voltage across those. Instead of using some heavily isolated floating gate drive circuitry for the different transistors, one may use certain advanced ideas such as implementing so-called avalanche switch stacks involving avalanche diodes and/or avalanche bipolar transistors.Device lifetimes can be very long, provided that properly engineered

The high damage threshold makes BBO cells more attractive than others in the high power systems. Like LiNbO3 Pockels cells, BBO Pockels cells work in transverse mode, which makes the cells very compact, and the half-wave voltage designable. BBO Pockels cells are also suitable for systems with high repetition rates.WISOPTIC has been granted of several patents for its technology of BBO Pockels cells. WISOPTIC’s mass products of BBO Pockels cell are gaining worldwide customers’ interest and trust for its high cost performance.

RTP Pockels cell has a number of benefits compared to other electro-optic materials:Non hygroscopicLow switching voltageGood extinction ratioNo piezo and pyro-electric effectsUsed either as RTP Q-switch or RTP pulsepicker WISOPTIC has developed precise alignment techniques that enable us to offer our customers complete, plug-and-play RTP Pockels cell assemblies with a superior level of performance.Crystal Size4x4x10 mm6x6x10 mm8x8x10 mmQuantity of Crystals222Static Half-wave Voltage @ 1064 nmX-cut: 1700 VY-cut: 1400 VX-cut: 2500 VY-cut: 2100 VX-cut: 3300 VY-cut: 2750 VE

BBO（Beta-Barium Borate, β-BaB2O4）based Pockels cells operate from approximately 0.2 - 1.65 µm and are not subject to tracking degradation. BBO exhibits low piezoelectric response, good thermal stability, and low absorption. Due to the low piezoelectric coupling coefficients of BBO, BBO Pockels cells function at repetition rates of hundreds of kilohertz.

Solid Laser DyesThere is some work on dye lasers based on solid media, e.g.

Polarizer is a kind of optical filter where the light transmission depends strongly on the polarization state. Normally, light with linear polarization in a certain direction is passed, and light polarized in an orthogonal direction is either absorbed or propagated to a different direction.For other directions of linear polarization with an angle θ against the“passing”direction, the transmission exhibits a cos2 θ dependence. That can be understood by considering that linear polarization state as a linear superposition of the "passing”and the“blocked”state.Most polarizers act

Thin film polarizers are based on interference within a dielectric optical thin-film coating on a thin glass substrate. They are made from composed materials which include a polarizing film, an inner protective film, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and an outer protective film. Thin film polarizers are used for polarization separation, that's to say to change un-polarized beam into linear polarized beam.

BBO（Beta-Barium Borate, β-BaB2O4）based Pockels cells operate from approximately 0.2 - 1.65 µm and are not subject to tracking degradation. BBO exhibits low piezoelectric response, good thermal stability, and low absorption. Low piezoelectric ringing makes this Pockels cell attractive for the control of high-power and high-pulse repetition rate (hundreds of kilohertz, up to 1MHz) lasers.

RTP possesses a large electro-optic impact for light propagating along either the x or y direction (electric powered along z). It functions right optical transparency from around 400nm to over 4µm. RTP offers a high resistance to optical damage with energy ~1Gw/cm2 for 1ns pulses at 1064nm. It is largely total lack of piezo-electric resonances at 200kHz and probable beyond. The primary distinction between RTP and BBO whilst used for Q-switching pertains to the common power degree at which the Q-switch is capable of be used practically.

Gray Track Resistant (GTR) KTP crystals developed by hydrothermal method overcomes the common phenomenon of electrochromism of the flux-grown KTP, thus has many advantages such as high electrical resistivity, low insertion loss, low half-wave voltage, high laser damage threshold, and wide transmission band. So it's very suitable for high power density applications, where regular flux-grown KTP crystals will suffer from gray track damage.GTR-KTP crystal has gray track resistance sufficiently greater than typical flux-grown KTP.

KTP Pockels are based on hydrothermal-grown high resistivity KTP crystals overcomes the common electrochromism damage of flux-grown KTP. Hydrothermal-grown KTP crystals have better optical homogeneity and higher damage threshold comparing to RTP crystals. This KTP crystal has large effective electro-optic coefficients and lower half-wave voltage. The Q-switch is built utilizing thermally compensated double crystal designs.

RTP (Rubidium Titanyl Phosphate - RbTiOPO4) is a robust crystal material suitable for a wide range of E-O applications. It has advantages of higher damage threshold (about 1.8 times that of KTP), high resistivity, high repetition rate, no hygroscopic or piezoelectric effect.

Characterized by the excelent UV transmission, high damage threshold, and high birefringence, KDP (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate) are commonly used commercial NLO materials for doubling, tripling and quadrupling of Nd:YAG laser at room temperature or an elevated temperature. KDP are also excellent electro-optic (EO) crystals with high EO coefficients, thus popularly used as EO modulators and Pockels cells for Q-switched lasers.