BBO features good optical transparency from around 200nm to over 2µm, offers a high
resistance to optical damage with power handling >3GW/cm2 for 1ns pulses at 1064nm. It
is possible to use BBO Pockels cells at average power levels of
hundreds of watts and power densities of several kW/cm2. In addition, BBO Q-switches have very
low levels of piezo-electric resonances.
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RTP possesses a large electro-optic impact for light propagating along either the x or y direction (electric powered along z). It functions right optical transparency from around 400nm to over 4µm. RTP offers a high resistance to optical damage with energy ~1Gw/cm2 for 1ns pulses at 1064nm. It is largely total lack of piezo-electric resonances at 200kHz and probable beyond. The primary distinction between RTP and BBO whilst used for Q-switching pertains to the common power degree at which the Q-switch is capable of be used practically.
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A Pockels cell driver is a high-voltage regulated power supply,
either pulse or continuous, allowing to control a birefringence of an
electro-optical crystal (KTP, KD*P, BBO, etc.) in order to drive the
polarization direction of the light propagating through the crystal.WISOPTIC has developed and produces a variety of Pockels cell drivers
for different applications: from very simple compact devices for
q-switching to precise and powerful fast models for pulse picking,
cavity damping, regenerative amplifier control, etc.
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BBO(Beta-Barium Borate, β-BaB2O4)based Pockels cells operate from approximately 0.2 - 1.65 µm and are not subject to tracking degradation. BBO exhibits low piezoelectric response, good thermal stability, and low absorption. Due to the low piezoelectric coupling coefficients of BBO, BBO Pockels cells function at repetition rates of hundreds of kilohertz.
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BBO(Beta-Barium Borate, β-BaB2O4)based Pockels cells operate from approximately 0.2 - 1.65 µm and are not subject to tracking degradation. BBO exhibits low piezoelectric response, good thermal stability, and low absorption. Low
piezoelectric ringing makes this Pockels cell attractive for the control
of high-power and high-pulse repetition rate (hundreds of kilohertz, up to 1MHz) lasers.
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Cr:YAG (Chromium doped Ytterium Aluminum Garnet, Cr:Y3Al5O12) crystal is an excellent material for passive Q-switching of Nd:YAG and other Nd or Yb doped lasers in the wavelength range of 0.8 to 1.2 μm. One of the remarkable features of Cr:YAG is its high damage threshold (500-1000 MW/cm2). Its absorption band extends from 800 nm to 1200 nm and peaks at around 1060nm with a very large absorption cross section.
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The improved hydrothermal-grown KTP crystal overcomes the common
electrochromism damage of flux-grown KTP. The hydrothermal-grown KTP (HGTR-KTP, or GTR-KTP) has high damage
threshold, large effective electro-optic coefficients and lower
half-wave voltage. KTP EO Q-switches made by HGTR-KTP crystals utilize thermally compensated
double crystal designs. They are mainly used in pulse lasers with narrow pulse width and high repetition frequency.
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High
temperature phase BBO (alpha-BBO, a-BBO) is a negative uniaxial crystal
with a large birefringence over the broad transparent range from 189 nm
to 3500 nm. The physical, chemical, thermal, and optical properties of
alpha-BBO crystal are similar to those of the low temperature phase beta-BBO crystal.
However, there is no second order nonlinear effect in alpha-BBO crystal
due to the centrosymmetry in its crystal structure and thus it has no
use for second order nonlinear optical processes.
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RTP crystal is widely used for Electro-Optic applications whenever low
switching voltages are required. e.g. in laser Q-switching system with high frequency repetition, high power and narrow pulse width. RTP E-O devices are not only used in laser micromachining and laser ranging, but also in major scientific exploration projects due to their excellent comprehensive performance.As RTP is transparent from 400nm to 3.5µm, it can be used in multiple
types of laser such as Er:YAG laser at 2.94µm with fairly good
efficiency.
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The high
damage threshold makes BBO cells more attractive than others in the high
power systems. Like LiNbO3 Pockels cells, BBO Pockels cells work in
transverse mode, which makes the cells very compact, and the half-wave
voltage designable. BBO Pockels cells are also suitable for systems with
high repetition rates.WISOPTIC has been granted of several patents for its technology of BBO Pockels cells. WISOPTIC’s mass products of BBO Pockels cell are gaining worldwide customers’ interest and trust for its high cost performance.
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Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH2PO4 (KDP) is a
transparent dielectric material best known for its nonlinear optical and
electro-optical properties. Because of its nonlinear
optical properties, it has been incorporated into various laser systems
for harmonic generation and optoelectrical switching.
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Beta-Barium Borate (β-BBO) is an excellent nonlinear crystal with combination of a number of unique features: wide transparency region, broad phase-matching range, large nonlinear coefficient, high damage threshold, and excellent optical homogeneity. Therefore, β-BBO provides an attractive solution for various nonlinear optical applications such as OPA, OPCPA, OPO etc.β-BBO also has advantages of large thermal acceptance bandwidth, high damage threshold and small absorption, thus is very suitable for frequency conversion of high peak or average power laser radiation, e.g.
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Barium Borate exists in three major crystalline forms: alpha, beta, and
gamma. The low-temperature beta phase converts into the alpha phase upon
heating to 925 °C. β-BBO differs from α-BBO by the
positions of the barium ions within the crystal. Both phases are
birefringent, however α-BBO has centric symmetry and thus
does not has the same nonlinear properties as β-BBO.α-BBO is a negative uniaxial crystal with a large birefringence over the broad transparent range from 189 nm to 3500 nm.
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Beta-Barium Borate (β-BBO) is an excellent nonlinear crystal with combination of a number of unique features: wide transparency region, broad phase-matching range, large nonlinear coefficient, high damage threshold, and excellent optical homogeneity. Therefore, β-BBO provides an attractive solution for various nonlinear optical applications such as OPA, OPCPA, OPO etc. β-BBO also has advantages of large thermal acceptance bandwidth, high damage threshold and small absorption, thus is very suitable for frequency conversion of high peak or average power laser radiation, e.g.
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Pockels Cell Driver for Q-Switching of Flashlamp Pumped LasersThese drivers are designed for Q-switching of nanosecond flashlamp pumped lasers without use of phase retardation plates, for example to drive a DKDP Pockels cell in YAG lasers for aesthetic therapy. High voltage is applied to Pockels cell in order to inhibit oscillation.
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BBO is an effective NLO crystal for the SHG, THG, or FHG of Nd:YAG lasers, and the first-rate NLO crystal for the FHG at 213nm. Conversion efficiencies of more than 70% for SHG, 60% for THG and 50% for 4HG, and 200mw output at 213 nm (5HG) have been obtained through using Wisoptic's BBO, respectively.BBO is also an efficient crystal for the intracavity SHG of excessive energy Nd:YAG lasers. for the intracavity SHG of an acousto-optic Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, greater than 15 w average power at 532 nm generated via an AR-coated BBO crystal produced by Wisoptic.
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The EO Q-switch (Pockels cell) is an electro-optic device in which the crystal
produces linear changes in the birefringence of the crystal (in contrast
to the Kerr Effect, which is quadratic with E).
Pockels cells are essential components in various optical devices such
as Q-switches for lasers, free space electro-optical modulators, free
space switches. WISOPTIC use highly deuterated DKDP (KD*P) crystal (D%>99%) to make high quality Q-switches with high laser induced damage threshold.
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YLF is birefringent, which eliminates thermally induced depolarization
loss. The gain and the emission wavelength of Nd:YLF are polarization
dependent: there is the stronger 1047nm ray for π polarization, and a
weaker one at 1053nm for σ polarization. Nd:YLF provides alternative to the more common Nd:YAG laser crystal for near IR
operation.
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RTP (RbTiOPO4) is an isomorph of KTP crystal. RTP has many advantages e.g. large nonlinear optical coefficient, large E-O coefficient, high damage threshold (about 1.8 times of KTP), high resistivity, high repetition rate, no hygroscopy and no induced piezo-electric effect with electrical signals up to 60 kHz. The transmission range of RTP is 350 nm to 4500 nm.RTP crystal is widely used in laser Q-switching system with high frequency repetition, high power and narrow pulse width.
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Main SpecificationsDimensionsAperture2×2 ~ 14×14 mm2Length0.1 - 12 mmOrientation[100] or [111] (±1°)Doping Concentration0.5 ~ 3.0 mol%Initial Absorption Coefficient0.5 ~ 6.0 cm-1 @ 1064 nmInitial Transmission5% ~ 95% Surface Flatness< λ/8 @ 633 nmEnd Surface Parallelism< 30”Chamfer≤ 0.1 mm × 45°Surface Quality20-10 [s-d] (MIL-PRF-13830B)CoatingAR (R<0.2% @1064nm) or according to customer’s requestLIDT≥ 500 MW/cm2The pulse width of Cr4+:YAG passively Q-switched lasers could be as short as 5 ns for diode pumped Nd:YAG lasers and the repetition could be as high a
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LN crystals are nonhygroscopic and have low absorption coefficient and insert loss. In addition, LN crystal can operate stably in a wide temperature range, which makes them the main EO crystal applied in military laser systems.LN electro-optic Q-switches are widely
used in Er:YAG, Ho:YAG, Tm:YAG lasers, and are suitable for low-power
Q-switched output, especially in laser ranging. LN Pockels cells can be very compact, and the half-wave voltage can be very low. By doping MgO in LiNbO3, the damage threshold of LN Pockels cells can been increased dramatically.
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High temperature phase of α-BBO Crystal (BaB2O4)
is one of the excellent birefringent crystals. It is characterized by
large birefringent coefficient and wide transmission window ranged from
189nm to 3500nm. Due to its high chemical stability and medium hardness,
α-BBO is fabricated easily into many kinds of optical components.The
physical, chemical, thermal and optical properties of α-BBO are similar
to those of β-BBO.
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Polarization optics is important for both intra and extra cavity use. By using high contrast thin film polarizers in their design, laser engineers can save weight and volume within the laser system without influencing the output. Compared with polarizing prisms, polarizers have larger incident angle and can be made with larger apertures. Compared with polarizers made from birefringent crystals, the advantage of thin film polarizers made from UVFS or N-BK7 is that they can be fabricated in very large sizes, therefore are
particularly well suited for high laser powers and UV wavelengths.
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Cr: YAG is an excellent crystal for passive Q-switching diode pumped or lamp-pumped Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Nd:YVO4 and other Nd or Yb doped lasers at wavelength from 800 nm to 1200 nm. With advantages of chemical stability, durable, UV resistant, good thermal conductivity and high damage threshold (>500 MW/cm2 ) and being easy to be operated, Cr:YAG is used widely to substitute for many traditional materials such as LiF, organic Dye and color centers.
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