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3. Experimental EquipmentThe overall device diagram of the frequency doubling experiment is shown in Figure 3(a). The 1064nm continuous light passes through a half-wave plate and is directly focused into the CPPLN crystal by a lens. The generated frequency doubling light passes through a 532nm transparent filter and is received and detected by a power meter. The self-built LD-pumped Nd:YVO4 continuous laser used in the experiment can reach a maximum output power of 22.53W.

1. Research status and future development trend of mid-infrared (2-5 μm) laser crystalsAccording to the order of laser wavelength from short to long, the main material that have achieved laser output (including some optical fibers and transparent ceramics for comparison) are listed in Table 1. Among them, the highest continuous laser output power of laser crystals corresponding to different wave bands is shown in Figure 2. The laser output power of activated ions shows an obvious attenuation trend as the wavelength expands to the mid-infrared direction.

As the source manufacturer of many kinds of function crystals and the leading producer of DKDP Pockels cell in China, WISOPTIC provides high cost-effective products to its customers worldwide and gains substantial trust from all of its business partners. Every year over 40% of WISOPTIC's products are exported to Europe, UK, North America, Korea, Israel, etc.Normally WISOPTIC takes parts in at least one of the important exhibitions in the industry of photonics and laser, such as Laser World of Photonics (Munich/Shanghai), SPIE Photonics West (San Francisco), KIMES (Seoul), PHOTONIX (To

After more than one year’s research work, WISOPTIC has successfully developed two types of dye laser cells – 585nm and 650nm.With advanced technique of coating and optical system design, dye laser headpiece has been developed and will be in mass production soon.Dye laser headpiece 585nm is used mainly to treat facial telangiectasia, and dye laser headpiece 650nm for removal of green tattoo, etc.Dye laser headpiece made from WISOPTIC has higher conversion efficiency than that of any competing product.

2. Theoretical analysis2.2 Design of CPPLN crystal structureIn order to achieve better temperature robustness and higher frequency doubling efficiency on the same CPPLN crystal, we designed the crystal structure of CPPLN. The schematic diagram of CPPLN for frequency doubling from 1064nm to 532nm is shown in Figure 1. The incident beam with fundamental frequency is set to be e-light, that is, its polarization direction is horizontal. At the same time, the output beam is also set to be e-light.

Nanoscale laser damage precursorsDifferent from microscopic defects, defects are called precursors here. Defects generally refer to observable microstructures that are different from the characteristics of the surrounding matrix materials, and are often observed by optical microscopy. The precursors mentioned in this article generally cannot be directly observed by optical methods, and there is no obvious difference in characteristics from the surrounding matrix materials.

It’s well known that the DKDP crystal is very easy to be damaged by humidity, especially in  environment with high temperature. So ordinary DKDP Pockels cells can not be used in high temperature and high humidity environment, or their service life is very short. After more than two years of continuous technical research, WISOPTIC has successfully developed DKDP Pockels cells that can be used in lasers working in high temperature and high humidity environments.

3 The main application of lithium tantalate crystal3.1 SAW Wave filterPeng et al. used ion etching to process lithium tantalate (LT) crystals to obtain a high fundamental frequency crystal resonator. They used this crystal resonator to design a high-frequency broadband filter, which improved the operating frequency and reliability of the filter and increased the number of The bandwidth of the filter ensures the high temperature stability and low insertion loss of the filter.

In 1962, the American scientist McClung F J reported for the first time that the silver mirror of the ruby laser resonator had hole burning damage, which was the first public report on the laser damage of optical components. The subsequent invention of Q-switching technology and mode-locking technology increased the peak power of laser pulses by several orders of magnitude. The problem of laser damage runs through and affects the design and operation of lasers, and promotes the development of optical materials and optical component manufacturing technologies.

Conclusion Considering comprehensive factors such as wide absorption bandwidth, large absorption cross section, long upper energy level lifetime (ms to tens of ms) (see Table 2), ion cross relaxation, increased quantum efficiency, and mature LD pump source, Tm3+ in the 2 μm band, Ho3+ and Er3+ in the 3 μm band must be one of the most important and basic laser sources in the mid-infrared band from 2 to 20 μm, and will compete with Nd3+ and Yb3+ in the 1 μm band.