LiNbO3 crystal is a low cost photoelectric material with good mechanical
and physical properties as well as high optical homogeneity. It has
been widely used as frequency doublers for wavelength > 1mm and
optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) pumped at 1064nm as well as
quasi-phase-matched (QPM) devices. With preferable E-O coefficients,
LiNbO3 crystal has become the most commonly used material for Q-switches
and phase modulators, waveguide substrate, and surface acoustic wave
(SAW) wafers, etc.
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LiNbO3 (Lithium Niobate, LN) crystal is a multifunctional material that integrates properties of piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, nonlinear, electro-optical, photoelastic, etc. LiNbO3 has good thermal stability and chemical stability. Among the EO crystals, LN and DKDP are the two primary material that have been practical. DKDP crystals can be easily grown with a high optical homogeneity, which can satisfy the requirement of a large caliber Pockels cell.
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Optical filters are used to selectively transmit or reject a wavelength or range of wavelengths. Their applications include fluorescence microscopy, spectroscopy, clinical chemistry, machine vision inspection, etc. Optical filters are widely used in light system of life science, imaging, industrial, or defense industries. For example, Bandpass interference filters are designed to transmit a portion of the spectrum, while rejecting all other wavelengths. Notch filters reject a portion of the spectrum, while transmitting all other wavelengths.
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A wave plate, also called a phase retarder, is an optical device that changes the polarization state of light by generating an optical path difference (or phase difference) between two mutually orthogonal polarization components. When the incident light passes through wave plates with different types of parameter, the exit light is different, which may be linearly polarized light, elliptically polarized light, circularly polarized light, etc.
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High
temperature phase BBO (alpha-BBO, a-BBO) is a negative uniaxial crystal
with a large birefringence over the broad transparent range from 189 nm
to 3500 nm. The physical, chemical, thermal, and optical properties of
alpha-BBO crystal are similar to those of the low temperature phase beta-BBO crystal.
However, there is no second order nonlinear effect in alpha-BBO crystal
due to the centrosymmetry in its crystal structure and thus it has no
use for second order nonlinear optical processes.
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Waveplates (retardation plates or phase shifters) are made from
optical materials with precise thickness such as quartz, calcite or mica, which exhibit birefringence. The velocities of the
extraordinary and ordinary rays through the birefringent materials vary
inversely with their refractive indices. The difference in velocities
gives rise to a phase difference when the two beams recombine.
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Thin Film Polarizers are made from composed materials which include a polarizing film, an inner protective film, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and an outer protective film. Polarizer is used to change un-polarized beam into linear polarized beam.
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Thin Film Polarizers are made from composed materials which include a polarizing film, an inner protective film, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and an outer protective film. Polarizer is used to change un-polarized beam into linear polarized beam.
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Polarization is an important characteristic of light. Polarizers are key optical elements for controlling your polarization,
transmitting a desired polarization state while reflecting, absorbing or
deviating the rest. There is a wide variety of polarizer designs, each
with its own advantages and disadvantages.
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Polarizer is a kind of optical filter
where the light transmission depends strongly on the polarization
state.
Normally, light with linear polarization in a certain direction is
passed, and light polarized in an orthogonal direction is either
absorbed or propagated to a different direction.For other directions of linear polarization with an angle θ against the“passing”direction, the transmission exhibits a cos2 θ
dependence.
That can be understood by considering that linear polarization state as a
linear superposition of the "passing”and the“blocked”state.Most polarizers act
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BBO(Beta-Barium Borate, β-BaB2O4)based Pockels cells operate from approximately 0.2 - 1.65 µm and are not subject to tracking degradation. BBO exhibits low piezoelectric response, good thermal stability, and low absorption. Due to the low piezoelectric coupling coefficients of BBO, BBO Pockels cells function at repetition rates of hundreds of kilohertz.
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BBO(Beta-Barium Borate, β-BaB2O4)based Pockels cells operate from approximately 0.2 - 1.65 µm and are not subject to tracking degradation. BBO exhibits low piezoelectric response, good thermal stability, and low absorption. Low
piezoelectric ringing makes this Pockels cell attractive for the control
of high-power and high-pulse repetition rate (hundreds of kilohertz, up to 1MHz) lasers.
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The high
damage threshold makes BBO cells more attractive than others in the high
power systems. Like LiNbO3 Pockels cells, BBO Pockels cells work in
transverse mode, which makes the cells very compact, and the half-wave
voltage designable. BBO Pockels cells are also suitable for systems with
high repetition rates.WISOPTIC has been granted of several patents for its technology of BBO Pockels cells. WISOPTIC’s mass products of BBO Pockels cell are gaining worldwide customers’ interest and trust for its high cost performance.
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Polarizing Beamsplitters (PBS) splits incident unpolarized light into two perpendicular linearly polarized light. Among them, p-polarized light passes through completely, while s-polarized light is reflected at 45 deg which makes the emitting direction of s-light vertical to p-light. Additionally, beamsplitters can be used in reverse to combine two
different beams into a single one. Beamsplitters are often classified
according to their construction:cube or plate.Cube PBS are fabricated using two typically right angle prisms.
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Pure LiNbO3 (LN) is a good candidate for various optical devices, but
has a major disadvantage due to its low threshold optical damage. MgO:LN (congruent
compositions) is one of the possible solutions to deal with this
problem. MgO doping has played an important role in LN and shown an
increased threshold laser beam strength by 100 times. An interesting
point is that every physical property of MgO:LN (e.g.
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Dye laser headpiece made from WISOPTIC has very high conversion efficiency: 65%~75% for 532/585nm, 45%~55% for 532/650nm.
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Optical windows are made in the form of flat plates of a transparent medium that allow light into an instrument. Windows have high optical transmission with little distortion of the transmitted signal, but can not change the magnification of the system.
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RTP (Rubidium Titanyl Phosphate - RbTiOPO4) is a robust crystal material suitable for a wide range of E-O applications. It
has advantages of higher damage threshold (about 1.8 times that of
KTP), high resistivity, high repetition rate, no hygroscopic or
piezoelectric effect.
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RTP (Rubidium Titanyl Phosphate - RbTiOPO4) is a very desirable crystal material for E-O modulators and Q-switches. It has advantages of higher damage threshold (about 1.8 times that of KTP), high resistivity, high repetition rate, no hygroscopic or piezoelectric effect. As biaxial crystals, RTP’s natural birefringence needs to be compensated by use of two crystal rods specially oriented so that beam passes along the X-direction or Y-direction.
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A Pockels cell driver is a high-voltage regulated power supply,
either pulse or continuous, allowing to control a birefringence of an
electro-optical crystal (KTP, KD*P, BBO, etc.) in order to drive the
polarization direction of the light propagating through the crystal.WISOPTIC has developed and produces a variety of Pockels cell drivers
for different applications: from very simple compact devices for
q-switching to precise and powerful fast models for pulse picking,
cavity damping, regenerative amplifier control, etc.
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Basically all Pockels cell drivers are made based on
solid-state electronic technology, using high voltage transistors such
as MOSFETs.
Multiple high voltage transistors may have to be stacked, taking care to
achieve an even distribution of voltage across those.
Instead of using some heavily isolated floating gate drive circuitry for
the different transistors, one may use certain advanced ideas such as
implementing so-called avalanche switch stacks involving avalanche
diodes and/or avalanche bipolar transistors.Device lifetimes can be very long, provided that properly engineered
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YLF is birefringent, which eliminates thermally induced depolarization
loss. The gain and the emission wavelength of Nd:YLF are polarization
dependent: there is the stronger 1047nm ray for π polarization, and a
weaker one at 1053nm for σ polarization. Nd:YLF provides alternative to the more common Nd:YAG laser crystal for near IR
operation.
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Potassium
Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) and Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate (DKDP)
are among the most widely-used commercial NLO materials, characterized
by good UV transmission, high damage threshold, and high birefringence,
though their NLO coefficients are relatively low. They are usually used
for doubling, tripling or quadrupling of a Nd:YAG laser (at constant
temperature).
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KTP (KTiOPO4 ) is one of the most commonly used nonlinear optical materials which offers a range of unique features: high optical quality, broad transparency range, wide acceptance
angle, small walk-off angle, and type I and II non-critical
phase-matching (NCPM) in a wide wavelength range.
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